Pdf a level questions and answers physics download full. Ace your physics here with revision notes and practice questions for gce oa level. Before adding water, place a level tool in the bottom of the tank and check the level. Help with gcse physics, aqa syllabus a as level and a2 level physics. This topic covers reflection and refraction of light of o level physics. Refraction calculations and total internal reflection s. A level physics multiple choice questions and answers pdf is a revision guide with a collection of trivia questions to fun quiz questions and answers pdf on topics.
Find the direction of the ray after it is reflected from mirror m2. Isaac physics a project designed to offer support and activities in physics problem solving to teachers and students from gcse level through to university. Light reflection and refraction 161 let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. When a ray of light goes from material 1 into material 2, rather than from a vacuum into a material we talk about the relative refractive index. It is caused by the different speeds of light in different media. Contents properties of waves definitions, equations, superposition, phase difference, equation of a wave 3,6 huygens construction introduction, huygens postulate, refraction, interference youngs fringes. Total internal reflection in glass depends on the fact that its critical angle is approximately 42 o.
How to solve a snells law problem angle of refraction a tutorial video explaining how to solve for the angle of incidence or refraction using snells law. Reflection and refraction all waves will reflect and refract in the right circumstances. Light rays represent the direction of travel of the waterfronts. Different colored objects reflect different colors of light. Total internal reflection refers to the complete reflection of a ray of light within an opticallydenser medium from the surrounding surfaces of optically less dense media back into the denser medium light ray travel from an optically denser medium to a less dense medium. A ray is incident on mirror m1 at an angle 65 to the normal. Reflection and refraction reflection and refraction occur when a wave reaches a boundary between two materials. Questions would make a great start for a level physics. According to the law of reflection, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. The physics of polarization high altitude observatory. Echoes are reflections of sound waves from hard surfaces.
Alevel physics advancing physicsrefraction wikibooks, open. Study the difference and concept of reflection and refraction of light. However, it may be distributed freely provided it is not sold for profit. We expect to see reflections from smooth surfaces, but figure 2 illustrates how a rough surface reflects light. Angle of incident ray i angle of reflection r regular vs. One important consequence of snells law of refraction is the phenomenon of total internal re. Refraction when waves cross a boundary between two materials, there is a change of speed called refraction. When shone, as a beam through a prism, white light gets refracted and exits in the form of a spectrum of colours.
Equivalent to american high school diploma subtopics. The law of reflection applies, so the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection inside of the material. If the second medium has a lower index of refraction, the ray will bend away from the normal angle of incidence refraction is the angle the refracted light ray makes with the normal inside the material. The unique shape of the prism makes the emergent ray bend at an angle to the direction of the incident ray and this angle is known as the angle of deviation.
Snell also studied navigation and proposed the method of triangulation, which is the foundation of geodesy the branch of mathematics. Reflection revision reflection is the bouncing of light rays off a surface reflection from a mirror. The laws which govern specular reflection can be described most simply in terms of rays. As shown in the image given above, the prism has split the incident white light into a band of colors. Refraction 2014 question 8 ordinary level a ray of light can undergo both reflection and refraction. The refractive index of a single medium can be defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the. Reflection and refraction sheet for a level physics. Sarah has learned from her physics class that glass and plastic have different refractive indexes. Jan 11, 2018 this physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into snells law which shows the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction given the index of refraction of.
The reflection and refraction of light explains how people. If youre behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains. Angle of incidence angle of reflection the incident ray, reflected ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are all in the same plane. Isaac physics reflection and refraction log in or sign up with. Isaac physics a project designed to offer support and activities in physics problem solving to teachers and. Incident ray normal reflected ray angle of incidence angle of reflection mirror. When the wavefront wx enters the medium below the blue line a wavelet of radius c. Someone should make one for liquids and see what happens. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Normally, when light passes through a nonopaque material, it is both reflected and refracted. The law of reflection is illustrated in figure 1, which also shows how the angles are measured relative to the perpendicular to the surface at the point where the light ray strikes.
Physics revision gcse and a level physics revision. Optics questions with solutions and explanations at the bottom of the page. Refraction and snells law geometric optics physics khan academy refraction and snells law. Refraction is when light changes velocity when it travels across the boundary between two materials. January 19, 2020 july 1, 2012 by mini physics this topic covers reflection and refraction of light of o level physics. In contrast, a less dense, lower refractive index material will reflect light in phase. The refractive index n of a material is the ratio of the speed of light c in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the material cs. Refraction is a phenomenon that is exhibited by wave when it travels from one medium to another. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Alevel physicswave propertiesreflection and refraction.
If light is propagating from a more dense to a less dense medium in the optical sense, i. Determine the index of refraction, given the speed of light in a medium. The colours of the rainbow are seen to exit instead of the white beam. Refracted ray is the bent ray as a result of passing from one optical medium to another. Optical fibres the refractive index of the glass fibre the core must be higher than that of the plastic coating the cladding for total internal reflection to occur this type of optical fibre is called a stepindex fibre because the refractive index increases in a step from the air on the outside, to the much higher value of the cladding, to the even higher value of the core. Refraction is the change of direction of wave that occurs when its speed changes. Wave behaviour revision science gcse and alevel revision.
A light ray with an angle of incidence greater than this will be totally internally reflected. The angle between the normal and the ray of light is known as the angle of reflection r. When light passes from one material to another the refractive index is the ratio of the speeds of light in the two materials. Questions pertaining to reflection and refraction if youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. The ray of light will be reflected back at the same angle as it arrived at the normal, on the other side of the normal. Sheets to help students to learn and revise reflection and refraction for a level physics. Aug 06, 2016 this physics video tutorial discusses the total internal reflection of light and how to calculate the critical angle of refraction. Ocr as and a level physics a delivery guide waves lr7. The change in direction or bending of a light wave passing from one transparent medium to another. Diffraction of sound waves and of light waves will be discussed in a later unit of the physics classroom tutorial. This can be shown on a wave diagram or a ray diagram. This worksheet ensures that students are comfortable with manipulating snells law and choosing the appropriate refractive indexes to use in questions.
The index of refraction is somewhat related to density, as one would expect. Then the sheet goes on to explain each section in detail along with examples. Click to read the comprehensive a level physics revision notes. In such reflection a dephasing occurs between the parallel and perpendicular components of the incident electric field. These questions may be used to practice for the sat physics test. Physics refraction of light through a prism tutorialspoint. Dec 25, 2015 refraction of light is the change in direction bending of light rays when it passes from one optically transparent medium to another. This physics video tutorial discusses the total internal reflection of light and how to calculate the critical angle of refraction. If the direction of the wave is at an angle other than the normal line, then a change in direction occurs. The bending of the path is an observable behavior when the medium is a two or threedimensional medium.
Jan 19, 2020 january 19, 2020 july 1, 2012 by mini physics this topic covers reflection and refraction of light of o level physics. Free 0 expertguidance2015 new 91 aqa gcse physics p12 electro magnetic waves complete revision summary. It is a kind of image which is formed by actual intersection of light rays after reflection. An example to understand this better is that of placing a strawstick in a glass of water wherein it to be bent when viewed from any other angle than 90 0 to the surface.
The reflection and refraction of light explains how people see images, colour and even optical illusions. The refractive index of a material is always greater than 1. The summary at the start is taken directly from the specification, with everything you need to know. Light is reflected in the same direction and a clear image is formed. The inside surface of the glass behaves like a mirror. Reflection and refraction of light o level mini physics. Reflection and refraction vi radiation propagating from inside a dielectric to air can suffer the phenomenon of total internal reflection. This allows to construct an instrument capable of transforming. The angle of refraction is the angle the refracted light ray makes with the normal inside the material.
Reflection of light from a surface is what allows us to see objects that are not luminous. If the two mediums have the same index of refraction, the ray will continue straight without refracting. One pair was quite heavy, made up of glass lenses and the other pair was quite light, made up of plastic lenses. Occurs when light is reflected on a smooth surface.
The angle between two lateral faces of a prism is known as the angle of the prism. Physics revision site recommended to teachers as a resource by aqa, ocr and edexcel examination boards also recommended by bbc bytesize winner of the iop web awards 2010 cyberphysics a physics revision aide for students at ks3 sats, ks4 gcse and ks5 a and as level. Reflection and refraction questions practice khan academy. The questions are about reflection, refraction, critical angle, lenses, reflectors, light rays propagating through different mediums, refractive index of. Reflection, refraction and polarisation scool, the. The angle of incidence must be greater than a certain angle, called the critical angle. Refraction alevel physics physics alevel resources. The greater the optical density of the medium, the slower the speed of light. Refraction revision refraction is the bending of light when it enters from one transparent medium into another.
Reflection by plane mirror laws of reflection group experiment lesson 3 2. A level physical science, june 1984, paper 1, question 10. Wave theory of light is used to explain the reflection and refraction of light. This double sided worksheet comes complete with fully worked answers. If youre seeing this message, it means were having trouble loading external resources on our website. These laws of reflection are applicable to all types of reflecting surfaces. Observe wave reflection and wave refraction in a ripple tank. Total internal reflection mini physics learn physics. When light rays meet or appear to meet after reflection from a mirror,then it is called an image. Alevel physics advancing physicsrefraction wikibooks. We imagine some incident light, travelling in a welldefined direction.
Refraction, geometrical optics from alevel physics tutor. The critical angle is the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90. The white light enters, gets refracted and then when exiting the prism gets refracted again. The effect we see here is called total internal reflection. So a light ray with an angle of incidence of 45 o will be reflected, and its angle of reflection will also be 45 o. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. Total internal reflection occurs when the incident angle exceeds.
To measure the refractive index of a material, we pass a beam of light through a boundary between the material and air and measure the angle of refraction. Reflection, refraction and diffraction are all boundary behaviors of waves associated with the bending of the path of a wave. The physics classroom concept builders reflection and refraction law enforcement refraction questions refraction law enforcement the refraction law enforcement concept builder is comprised of a bank of 36 questions that are delivered to the learner across four activities. Newtonian physics includes both action at a distance e. Although he discovered the law of refraction, a basis of modern geometric optics, in 1621, he did not publish it and only in 1703 did it become known when huygens published snells law in dioptrica. All waves can be reflected, but this does not prove they are waves because particles also show these effects. Refraction the change in direction or bending of a light wave passing from one transparent medium to another. Refraction refractive index, total internal reflection. Questions refraction law enforcement the refraction law enforcement concept builder is comprised of a bank of 36 questions that are. Refraction can be used to show the true make up of white light. When the effect of lenses or mirrors on paths, we consider the drawing of diagrams using light rays and normals. We can derive it by considering a spherical wave emanating from the center of the sphere with the same radius r 1.
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